Effect of [Li]/[Nb] ratio on composition and defect structure of Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals

Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO 3 crystals with a range of [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.94, 1.05, 1.20, and 1.38) were grown by Czochraski technique. The influence of [Li]/[Nb] ratio on the concentration of doped elements in grown crystal was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The defect structures formed at different [Li]/[Nb] ratios were studied by X-ray diffraction and INFRARED spectroscopy. The results show that, when the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increases, the segregation coefficients of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ions increase, while the segregation coefficient of [Formula: see text] ions decreases. When the [Li]/[Nb] ratio in the melt increases to 1.20, the Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO 3 crystal approaches the stoichiometric ratio.