Buried interfacial passivation by multifunctional molecular bridge for blade-coating perovskite solar cells

A multifunctional molecular bridge was introduced to passivate the buried interface of doctor-bladed p-i-n perovskite solar cells. By incorporating specific functional groups into the hole transport layer, this approach strengthens the buried interface bonding, improves crystallinity, and reduces defect density, resulting in enhanced stability and reproducibility across various substrates.