Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Mo–Mn MOF Composite-Based Hybrid Supercapacitors for Enhanced Specific Energy and Specific Power

Supercapacitors are regarded as highly promising energy storage devices; however, their relatively low specific energy remains a significant limitation. In recent years, extensive research has focused on developing advanced electrode materials to improve their energy storage performance. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based electrode materials possess beneficial properties, including a high surface area, tunable porosity, and morphology, and a less densely packed structure. Here, the Mo–Mn MOF composite electrode material is prepared through a simple physical mixing of monoclinic Mo-MOF and Mn-MOF, both synthesized via a reflux condensation method. The synthesized single MOF materials exhibit specific capacity values of 386.8 C g –1 and 394.5 C g –1 for Mn-MOF and Mo-MOF, respectively, at 1 A g –1 . The Mo–Mn MOF composite electrode delivers a specific capacity of 536.5 C g –1 at a specific current of 1 A g –1 . The assembled hybrid supercapacitor device using Mo–Mn MOF@Ni–F//AC@Ni–F achieves a specific capacity of 235.2 C g –1, with a specific energy and specific power of 31.9 W h kg –1 and 488.5 W kg –1 at 1 A g –1, respectively, retaining 85.5% capacity and 99% Coulombic efficiency after 10,000 cycles. This work demonstrates a facile route for constructing a heterometallic MOF composite via physical mixing, which enables enhanced charge transport, structural integrity, and electrochemical performance for next-generation energy storage devices.