Breeding herbicide-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) using CRISPR/Cas gene editing and other technologies

The emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds in crop fields and the extensive use of herbicides have led to a decrease in rice (Oryza sativa) yields and an increase in production costs. To address these challenges, researchers have focused on discovering new germplasm resources with herbicide resistance. The most promising candidates among these genes have been functionally studied and applied in rice breeding. Here, we review recent progress in breeding herbicide-resistant rice. We provide examples of breeding herbicide-resistant rice using various techniques, such as physical and chemical mutagenesis, genetic transformation, and CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing. Moreover, we highlight factors involved in breeding herbicide-resistant rice, including target genes, rice varieties, degrees of herbicide resistance, and the tools employed. Finally, we suggest methods for breeding herbicide-resistant rice that could potentially be applied for weed management in direct seeding farming systems.