Introduction to Solid Base Catalyst

Solid base catalysts, which are extensively employed in the fabrication of chemicals as well as environmental catalysis, have undergone substantial advancement in the foregoing decades. Since they are utilized in many base-catalyzed industrial procedures, solid base catalysts play a momentous role because they offer possibilities for aiding separation, minimizing corrosion, and resolving issues related to pollution. A solid base catalyst, frequently known as a heterogeneous base catalyst, is a kind of catalyst that endorses chemical reactions through the existence of basic sites on its surface. Single metal oxides, mixed oxides, zeolites, oxynitride, supported alkali metal complexes, waste solid base catalysts, clay minerals, and mesoporous solid base catalysts are examples of heterogeneous base catalysts. These catalysts can be fabricated via sonochemical, sol–gel, impregnation, hydrothermal, vapor phase deposition, precipitation, and coprecipitation processes. The novel solid base catalysts possess myriad implementations across profuse fine chemical synthesis processes and differ from single-component metal hydroxides and oxides (such as Mg oxides and hydroxides) to multicomponent metal hydroxides and oxides (such as hydrotalcite). These catalysts play a key role in green chemistry and ecologically friendly processes since they may mitigate waste generation and the use of perilous chemicals. Consequently, the development of solid base catalysts is of colossal significance for both the academic and industrial sectors. This chapter delivers an introduction to solid base catalysts, embracing their types and decisive properties. Graphical Abstract