Optimizing the Aerodynamic Efficiency of Electric Vehicles via Streamlined Design: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach

Under the impetus of national energy-saving and emission-reduction policies, electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly entering the mainstream automotive market, signaling the gradual decline of the internal combustion engine era.However, the challenge of extending the range of EVs remains substantial.Addressing this core obstacle necessitates a dual approach: advancing battery technology and optimizing aerodynamic performance through streamlined design to reduce drag and enhance driving stability.This approach is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of car manufacturers, expanding the market penetration of EVs, and supporting environmental sustainability.This study concentrates on pure EVs, employing three-dimensional, steady-state, incompressible fluid mechanics principles alongside advanced FLUENT simulation tools to systematically evaluate the external flow characteristics and overall aerodynamic efficiency of the vehicle.The research integrates streamlined design concepts, implementing micro-level aerodynamic modifications to the vehicle body structure to maximize driving efficiency.By combining precise computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with empirical wind tunnel testing, the direct impact of design changes on the vehicle's aerodynamic performance is meticulously analyzed.Highlights of the research include the utilization of a 1:25 scale accurately scaled 3D printed vehicle model and comprehensive aerodynamic evaluations conducted in a lowspeed wind tunnel laboratory using a direct-current suction-type wind tunnel device.This methodology robustly verifies the accuracy of simulation predictions, providing scientific evidence and practical guidance for further exploring the application of streamlined design in enhancing the aerodynamic performance of EVs.Consequently, this research is expected to accelerate advancements at the technological frontier of the field.