Inward negative emotions and brand hate in users of snow-sports’ brands

Purpose The aims of this study are to analyse the impact of brand-centric relationships (individual and collective) and negative emotions on brand hate felt towards brands used in extreme sports and to assess whether brand hate is a driver of negative consumer behavioural intentions. Design/methodology/approach This study takes a quantitative approach, using a sample of 300 Spain-based users of snow-sports brands. After validating the measurement scales, the hypotheses were tested through structural equation modelling. Drawing on the cognitive perspective of emotions and the triangular theory of hate, this study posits that individual and collective consumer-brand relationships evoke inward negative emotions and brand hate, thus influencing brand avoidance, brand switching and negative word-of-mouth. Findings The results showed that collective and individual consumer-brand relationships (negative brand experience, consumer-based brand equity and symbolic incongruence) impact inward negative emotions towards snow-sports brands. Inward negative emotions directly influence brand hate, which in turn affects consumers’ intention to avoid brands, switch brands and engage in negative word-of-mouth. Originality/value This research provides novel insights into how individual and collective brand-centric relationships evoke inward negative emotions towards extreme sports’ brands, which in turn increases brand hate, and expands knowledge of how brand hate might increase the consumer’s intentions to avoid the brand, intention to switch brands and intention to engage in negative word-of-mouth.