Effect of Fiber Orientation and Matrix Type on Machining Behavior and Structural Integrity of Glass and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

The marine industry is adopting composite materials with a polymer matrix for shipbuilding due to new technologies and high-performance expectations. However, selecting the right material is challenging, especially considering the machining behavior required for manufacturing cylindrical composite structures. This study focused on evaluating the turning operation and mechanical properties of composites made of glass and basalt fibers with a polymer matrix specifically for maritime construction. The composites consisted of two fabric types, six layers, and two fiber orientation lay-ups, using vinyl ester resin and polyester as the matrix. Test specimens were machined and analyzed, revealing that the hardness and mechanical properties had an impact on the machining process. Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) samples were successfully machined, resulting in well-formed and undamaged FRP bars. In contrast, basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) specimens faced difficulties during machining, with matrix splitting, interfacial delamination, fiber ripping.