A comparative review of multi-axis 3D printing

Multi-axis 3D printing has emerged as a key solution to the challenges associated with the strength, anisotropy, and fabrication of large-scale structures in material-deposition-based 3D printing processes. In view of the rapid progress in this field, this article summarizes the unified workflow of multi-axis 3D printing and provides an overview, comparison, and review of the latest technologies and implementation mechanisms used in each stage. The main issues and challenges currently faced in this field are identified to provide references for future research.