不连续性分类
形式主义(音乐)
生态系统理论
拓扑(电路)
计算机科学
代数数
统计物理学
生态学
物理
生物
数学
组合数学
数学分析
艺术
视觉艺术
音乐剧
作者
Marco Tulio Angulo,Aaron Kelley,Luis Montejano,Chuliang Song,Serguei Saavedra
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41559-021-01462-8
摘要
A central goal of ecological research has been to understand the limits on the maximum number of species that can coexist under given constraints. However, we know little about the assembly and disassembly processes under which a community can reach such a maximum number, or whether this number is in fact attainable in practice. This limitation is partly due to the challenge of performing experimental work and partly due to the lack of a formalism under which one can systematically study such processes. Here, we introduce a formalism based on algebraic topology and homology theory to study the space of species coexistence formed by a given pool of species. We show that this space is characterized by ubiquitous discontinuities that we call coexistence holes (that is, empty spaces surrounded by filled space). Using theoretical and experimental systems, we provide direct evidence showing that these coexistence holes do not occur arbitrarily-their diversity is constrained by the internal structure of species interactions and their frequency can be explained by the external factors acting on these systems. Our work suggests that the assembly and disassembly of ecological systems is a discontinuous process that tends to obey regularities.
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