Various Absorbents and Parameters Affecting Removal of Water Hardness from Wastewater: Review

Discharges of heavy metals from different sources to the water lead to water hardness which is the major problem of the world due to their toxic and carcinogenic nature. Among several methods to eliminate heavy metals, absorption is the leading technique for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater because it is efficient, available, low-cost, and eco-friend. This review paper gives detail information about adsorbents on both conventional and nanostructured materials, either occur naturally or available commercially. The review also contains properties and parameters which affect the adsorption process with essential clarifications that are given by researchers.