Synthesis of hydrogel-bearing phenylboronic acid moieties and their applications in glucose sensing and insulin delivery

In past few years, phenylboronic acids (PBAs) have attracted researcher's attention due to their unique responsiveness towards diol-containing molecules such as glucose. This property allows hydrogel-bearing PBAs potentially to serve as an alternative for glucose-sensing and insulin-delivery systems. This review provides an outlook on the binding mechanism of PBA moieties with diols and the approaches to increase their binding selectivity and response for glucose molecules. The preparation methods and strategies of hydrogel-bearing PBA moieties along with their properties are discussed. In the last section, their applications in glucose-sensing and insulin-regulatory systems are described.