Cu induced changes of ultrastructure and bioaccumulation in the leaf of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

The effects of Copper (Cu) on growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford cv. pubescens) were investigated. The dry weight of Moso bamboo was inhibited and significant differences were evident under Cu stress as compared to the control (CK). Solution culture experiments indicated that Moso bamboo had a strong ability to accumulate Cu in shoots. Copper accumulation in the stem was stronger than the leaves; the stem/root ratio could reach 0.20 under Cu stress. The changes in cell walls, stomata, vacuoles, and starch grains content were observed via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that the excessive Cu concentrations caused deformities in the chloroplasts and transformation and even disappearance of endoplasmic reticulum. Moso bamboo as an experimental material serves as a new tool for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils due to its metal tolerance and excessive biomass production.