An Overview on Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

The municipal solid waste incineration is now widely used in China's large cities. Two incineration plants in Shanghai, for example, with a total treatment capacity 2 000 t/d, 1 000 t/d each, result in 20 000-30 000 t fly ash each year. The treatment of fly ash is obviously a challenge for the incineration plants operations. In this paper, the existing fly ash treatment methods and the methods being developed at the laboratory stage are introduced within three main categories: landfill; solidification/stabilization, and extraction.