Alpinia galanga Rhizome Extract Shields Against Noise‐Induced Cardiotoxicity via Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Actions: Experimental Insights

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of Alpinia galanga rhizome extract (GRE) against noise‐induced myocardial injury via phytochemical profiling, molecular docking, and in vivo assessment. Male Wistar rats ( n = 6/group) were assigned to the following four groups: control (C), control + GRE (100 mg/kg), noise‐exposed (N), and noise‐exposed + GRE (N+GRE, 100 mg/kg). Rats in the N and N+GRE groups were exposed to 90 dB(A) white noise for 2 h/day for 28 days, with GRE administered orally throughout the exposure period. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids with known antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. In vitro, GRE significantly reduced nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, noise exposure elevated cardiac malondialdehyde levels, impaired antioxidant enzyme activity, and increased circulating tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) levels. GRE treatment restored redox balance, suppressed proinflammatory mediator levels, and improved histopathological alterations. Molecular docking analysis indicated strong binding of GRE phytoconstituents to HO‐1 and TNF‐α, supporting the observed in vivo effects. These findings demonstrate that GRE mitigates noise‐induced cardiac injury through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, highlighting its therapeutic potential