Scientific analysis of methods for measuring high-amplitude and high-frequency shock impulses

Introduction. The article presents a systematic analysis of modern methods for measuring highamplitude and high-frequency mechanical shock impulses. It focuses on the application of piezoelectric accelerometers, data acquisition boards, and flash storage devices in industrial and scientific settings, particularly in mining, aerospace, and material testing. Purpose of the Research. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various sensing technologies, optimize the design of measurement systems, and select appropriate calibration equipment for piezoelectric accelerometers to ensure accurate and reliable shock impulse measurements. Materials and methods. The research combines theoretical analysis with experimental validation, examining: Piezoelectric elements(ceramic, crystalline, polymer, and composite) for their sensitivity and durability; Accelerometers (e. g., PZT-based, quartz, and MEMS) for dynamic load measurement; Data acquisition systems (high-speed DAQ boards and flash loggers) for signal processing and storage; Calibration equipment (vibration test benches, laser interferometers, and ballistic setups) to ensure measurement accuracy. Results. Key findings include: PZT ceramic elements demonstrated superior sensitivity for high-amplitude shocks (up to 25,000 g); MEMS accelerometers offered miniaturization and energy efficiency but were limited in amplitude range; Flash loggers ensured reliable data storage under extreme conditions; Calibration systems like the AR8001 ballistic setup provided traceable accuracy (±1%) for industrial applications. Discussion. The study highlights trade-offs between sensor types: piezoelectric sensors excel in high-frequency measurements, while MEMS devices are ideal for compact systems. Calibration methods must align with operational demands, emphasizing reproducibility and automation. Conclusion. The research confirms that optimal shock measurement systems require tailored sensor selection, robust data acquisition, and precise calibration. Innovations in materials (e. g., nanocomposites) and wireless technologies are critical for future advancements. Resume. The article provides actionable insights for industries requiring high-precision shock monitoring, emphasizing system integration and calibration standards. Deploy PZT-based accelerometers in mining and aerospace for impact monitoring; use MEMS sensors for IoT-enabled vibration analysis. Develop hybrid sensor systems, AI-driven calibration tools, and adaptive materials for extreme environments. This work bridges theoretical and practical gaps in dynamic measurement technologies, offering scalable solutions for high-impact industries.