Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) are important for many electrochemical systems. Besides traditional noble-metal-based catalysts, carbon-based materials have been found to be effective for catalyzing these reactions. Various carbon structures doped with heteroatoms (N, S, P, B, and transition metals) and graphitic-layer-encapsulated metal and compound particles have shown good activities toward HER and OER at universal pHs. In this Perspective, recent research on the development of carbon-based electrocatalysts for HER and OER, as well as their challenges and opportunities are discussed.