Use of surface photovoltage spectroscopy to probe energy levels and charge carrier dynamics in transition metal (Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn, Rh) doped SrTiO 3 photocatalysts for H 2 evolution from water

The photovoltage onset reveals the energetics of the donor states, while photovoltage size and reversibility provide information on the charge transfer dynamics of the dopants and their ability to oxidize methanol.