Key challenges for a large-scale development of battery electric vehicles: A comprehensive review

Nowadays, several countries have adopted an energy transition policy to achieve carbon targets and decarbonize transport while improving their electricity mixes. Electric vehicles are ubiquitous, considering its role in the energy transition as a promising technology for large-scale storage of intermittent power generated from renewable energy sources. However, the widespread adoption and commercialization of EV remain linked to policy measures and government incentives. Here in this work, we review the current bottlenecks and key barriers for large-scale development of electric vehicles. First, the impact of massive integration of electric vehicles is analysed, and the energy management tools of electric energy storage in EVs are provided. Then, the variety of services that EVs may provide is investigated. We also, highlight how the optimal placement and sizing of EV charging infrastructure can plays a crucial role in electric vehicle development. The different methods for Li-ion battery states estimation and cells characterization are outlined. Furthermore, we present the different incentives to accelerate EVs adoption. And finally, we provide insightful suggestions and policy recommendations for future studies. The work presented in this paper will be very beneficial for policymakers seeking to promote electric mobility, and advance sustainable EV technologies.