生物
减数分裂
基因组
染色体
配子体
有丝分裂
B染色体
人口
遗传学
基因
进化生物学
核型
植物
社会学
人口学
花粉
标识
DOI:10.1080/11263504.2012.713406
摘要
Abstract B chromosomes (Bs) can be described as “selfish chromosomes”, a term that has been used for the repetitive DNA which comprises the bulk of the genome in large genome species, except that Bs have a life of their own as independent chromosomes. They can accumulate in number by various processes of mitotic or meiotic drive, especially in the gametophyte phase of the life cycle of flowering plants. This parasitic property of drive ensures their survival and spread in natural populations, even against a gradient of harmful effects on the host plant phenotype. B chromosomes are inhabitants of the nucleus and they are subject to control by “genes” in the A chromosome (As) complement. This interaction with the As, together with the balance between drive and harmful effects makes a dynamic system in the life of a Bs. In this review, we concentrate mainly on recent developments in the Bs of rye and maize, two of the species currently receiving most attention. We focus on their population dynamics and on th...
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