In‐Plane Dynamics of Isotropic Inclusions‐Enhanced Star‐Shaped Honeycomb Metamaterials

Abstract By introducing self‐similar inclusions (SSI) and disrupting the integrity of SSI within conventional star‐shaped honeycomb (CSH) units, a novel is presented in‐plane isotropic inclusion‐enhanced star‐shaped honeycomb (IIESH) metamaterial. Three gradient design methodologies are proposed: single gradient design (SGD), double gradient design (DGD), and symmetric diagonal gradient design (SDGD). Specimens are fabricated utilizing additive manufacturing techniques, and their performance is assessed through experimental compression tests and finite element analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that gradient design significantly influences both the deformation mechanism and crashworthiness performance of the novel structures. Extensive characterization of the mechanical properties and energy harvesting capabilities is conducted for CSH, modified star‐shaped honeycomb (MSH), and IIESH structures. The plateau stress of MSH and IIESH exhibited significant enhancements, with increases of 64.49% and 98.13%, respectively, compared to CSH at equivalent mass. In the discussion of unique and innovative hybrid strategies, the considerable impact of the number and arrangement of IIESH unit cells are emphasized on the energy absorption (EA) and load‐bearing capacities of the metamaterial. This study provides valuable insights for advancing the development of traditional star‐shaped structures and broadening their applications in protective engineering.