Magnetic Properties of Multiferroic GaFeO3 Powders

Multiferroic GaFeO 3 powders were synthesized by the solid-state method. X-ray diffraction results show that GaFeO 3 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure with a Pc21n space group. The lattice parameters were determined by Reitveld rafinement to be [Formula: see text] Å, [Formula: see text] Å and [Formula: see text] Å. According to magnetic measurements, the sample displays a ferrimagnetic transition at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]K. The experimental calculation of the effective moment [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] ions in the compound GaFeO 3 was performed through a linear fitting of the inverse susceptibility [Formula: see text] at temperatures above [Formula: see text]. This analysis yields an effective moment value of [Formula: see text], which closely aligns with the theoretically derived value [Formula: see text]. Magnetization data of GaFeO 3 were analyzed using two-sublattices of the two types of Fe occupying sites 1 and 2 using mean-field theory (MFT) and the molecular field coefficients [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were derived. The MFT has been used to determine the temperature dependence of the magnetization of the two-sublattices magnetization. Spin-wave theory has enabled us to model separately the temperature dependence of Fe1 and Fe2 magnetization at low temperatures. This has enabled the determination of several key magnetic parameters, including spin-wave rigidity and the interatomic distance denoted by [Formula: see text]. Near the Curie temperature, both magnetization and coercivity adhere to a statistical law supported by the Heisenberg model.