Precision Medicine in Pediatric Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review of Behavioral, Neurobiological and Genetic Diagnostic Biomarkers

Our systematic review identified promising candidate diagnostic markers for ADHD across behavioral, neuroimaging, and genetic methods. Multimethod approaches are likely to yield the strongest diagnostic accuracy. The complexity and cost of these approaches limits potential for implementation of a precision medicine approach to pediatric ADHD diagnosis in primary care settings.