Generalisation of radiotherapy dose calculation for Monte Carlo algorithm combined with 3D Swin-Unet: a multi-institutional IMRT evaluation

. We proposed a general dose calculation framework based on deep learning, using the MC algorithm as a benchmark, performing a generalisation test for IMRT treatment plans across multiple institutions. The framework provides high computational speed while maintaining the accuracy of MC and may become an effective dose algorithm engine in treatment planning, adaptive radiotherapy, and dose verification.