Fabrication of Hierarchical ZSM-5 with Tailorable AlF Distribution by Metal-Containing Anions Participating in Synthesis and Their Impacts on the Alkylation of Toluene with Ethanol

The synthesis of hierarchical zeolite has been regarded as an effective way to enhance its catalytic performance. Herein, the hierarchical ZSM-5 had been successfully prepared by molybdate anions (Mo 7 O 24 6– ) participating in the crystallization process, resulting from the restriction effect on the development of crystals. Furthermore, the participation of Mo 7 O 24 6– significantly altered the distribution and positioning of framework Al. The hierarchical ZSM-5-3 sample exhibited a greater proportion of Al atoms located in the channels in comparison with the conventional ZSM-5-0 sample, as demonstrated by the 27 Al MAS NMR and UV–vis-DRS characterizations. The catalytic tests showed that the obtained hierarchical ZSM-5-3 catalyst exhibited improved activity as well as stability in the alkylation of toluene with ethanol.