Performance Analysis of Communication Protocols (I2C, SPI) for Embedded Applications with IMU Sensor using Verilog

Effective communication protocols are to be ensured in crucial embedded application that helps for timely data transfer in connected environments, impacting efficiency, energy use, and resource management together with parallel processing of data. Among the available protocols Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) are widely used due to their distinct features for various applications and their simplicity in data transfer scheme. In this work we aim to assess I2C and SPI performance in embedded application particularly a fall detection system using Verilog HDL, focusing on data transfer rate, power consumption, latency, and hardware complexity. It is evident from the study that I2C's two-wire interface and its capacity of multi-device support make it suitable for power-sensitive applications, though it operates at lower speeds. In contrast, SPI provides high-speed, full-duplex communication but requires more GPIO pins, limiting scalability in implementation. The study offers a comparative analysis through Verilog simulations, with the help of Xilinx Hardware that helps firmware designers to choose the best protocol for their embedded applications. Results obtained emphasize the trade-offs between speed, energy efficiency, and hardware complexity, aiding in the optimization of embedded system designs.