Electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds loaded with cells or bioactive compounds promote chronic wound angiogenesis

The skin’s vascular system, responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients, is essential for healing of chronic wounds. In recent years, electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds (ENSs) that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) have shown significant potential in promoting angiogenesis within chronic wounds. This review summarizes how chronic wound microenvironments impair vascularization and the effects of ENSs composition, physical cues, and biodegradability on enhancing vascularization in chronic wounds. Furthermore, recent research advances on ENSs loaded with living cells and bioactive substances for enhancing angiogenesis in chronic wounds are highlighted. Finally, the primary challenges associated with ENSs loaded with cellular or bioactive substances for promoting angiogenesis in chronic wounds are discussed and rational strategies are provided.