Spatial network characteristics and drivers of carbon emission reduction capability in urban agglomerations: A case study of Shandong Province

Synergistic carbon emission reduction at the urban scale is an inherent requirement for China to realize its carbon emission reduction commitments and promote sustainable and regional synergistic development. Using 16 prefectural cities in Shandong Province as an example, this study defines and quantifies the regional carbon emission reduction capacity (CERC) based on the synergistic development of carbon emission reduction, environmental protection, and economic growth objectives. The spatial network characteristics of the (CERC) and its drivers were analyzed using social network analysis and quadratic assignment procedure regression methods. The results revealed that the spatial correlation of the CERC among prefectural cities has been increasing over the years. Jinan-Zibo-Qingdao is the center of the network, while the spatial linkage strength in the southwest and northeast of Shandong Province is weak. Geospatial distance and scientific development differences have a significant negative effect on the intensity of spatial association, while differences in economic and informatization developments have a considerable positive impact. Environmental regulatory differences and transportation differences are not significant. This study offers a methodological reference for similar studies in other countries or regions. At the same time, the findings provide a scientific basis for the government to rationally allocate urban resources and promote regional synergistic carbon emission reduction.