Orderly Regulation of Macrophages and Fibroblasts by Axl in Bleomycin‐Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

博莱霉素 肺纤维化 纤维化 炎症 病理 癌症研究 医学 特发性肺纤维化 免疫学 内科学 化疗
作者
Xinyu Zhao,Yupeng Li,Shengnan Yang,Yicong Chen,Kaiwei Wu,Jing Geng,Peipei Liu,Zai Wang,Huaping Dai,Chen Wang
出处
期刊:Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine [Wiley]
卷期号:29 (1) 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.70321
摘要

ABSTRACT Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological manifestation that occurs upon lung injury and subsequence aberrant repair with poor prognosis. However, current treatment is limited and does not distinguish different disease stages. Here, we aimed to study the differential functions of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressing on both macrophages and fibroblasts, in the whole course of pulmonary fibrosis. We used mice with Axl total knockout, conditionally knockout in macrophages or fibroblasts, or treating with Axl inhibitors in inflammation or fibrosis stages to examine the effect of temporary dysfunction of Axl on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. Primary bone marrow–derived monocytes and primary fibroblasts from mice were used for cell‐type–specific studies. Lung tissue and plasma samples were collected from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and healthy controls to assess the Axl levels. We found that Axl inhibited the M1 polarisation of macrophages; inhibition of Axl during acute phase exacerbated inflammatory response and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, Axl promoted the proliferation and invasion of the fibroblasts, partially by accelerating the focal adhesion turnover; inhibiting Axl during the fibrotic phase significantly alleviated pulmonary fibrosis. Consistently, phosphorylated Axl levels increased in fibrotic foci in the lung sample of IPF patients. In contrast, the soluble Axl (sAxl) level decreased in their plasma as compared to healthy controls. These results indicate that Axl may sequentially and differentially regulate macrophages and fibroblasts in acute and fibrosis phases, implying the necessity of a stage‐specific treatment for pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, the activated Axl on fibroblasts may be reflected by the lowered plasma sAxl level, which may act as a biomarker for IPF. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03730337
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