Whale Optimization-Based Access Control Scheme in D2D Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks

Integration of device-to-device (D2D) communication has gained significant attention within cellular networks as a means to enhance their capacity, coverage, and performance. Despite these advantages, D2D communication encounters various challenges, such as high interference, resource allocation, energy efficiency, and security. In this paper, we investigate the problem associated with resource allocation in D2D communication underlying cellular networks. The existing resource allocation schemes (e.g., game theory and graph theory) do not offer an access control mechanism, due to which the existing schemes are computationally intensive and do not converge to offer a global optimum solution. Toward this goal, we proposed a whale optimization algorithm(WOA)-based access control scheme to enhance the performance of the resource allocation scheme in D2D communication. In WOA, we created a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)-based objective function that iteratively discovers the best D2D users, allowing them to participate in the resource allocation process. Moreover, for resource allocation, we adopted the Munkres algorithm, which allows only optimized D2D users (from WOA) to reuse the resources of cellular users (CUs). In the proposed work, WOA acts as an access control scheme that optimally finds the best D2D users and only allows them to reuse cellular resources in the Munkres resource assignment problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the system's throughput compared to other existing algorithms. Moreover, other evaluation parameters, such as convergence rate, fairness, WOA update positions, and execution time, show the outperformance of the proposed scheme.