Pyocyanin pigment from Pseudomonas species: Source of a dye and antimicrobial textile finish—a review

Artificial colours are extensively used in various industries like food, textiles, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Synthetic pigments pose toxicity threats and this has provoked an interest in the field of microbial colours and dyes. Pigment producing microorganisms exhibit a promising potential in overcoming current challenges. These pigments are biodegradable and eco-friendly. At present, natural pigments, especially microbial pigments hold great significance within the market. Numerous microorganisms produce colored pigments. This review focuses on the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of pyocyanin, pigment from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It may find application in preparation of sheets and gown for medical and hospital use. Various fermentation techniques are discussed in view of their production by some important microorganisms. Further, it also sheds light on the possibility of using this pigment as textile colourant or dye which can be used to colour cotton, wool and silk fabrics.