Spinal Cord Stimulation

Spinal cord stimulation is an effective strategy for managing chronic neuropathic pain that is refractory to other medical treatment. Proper patient selection and fastidious technique are essential to good outcomes. Electrodes can be placed through both percutaneous and laminotomy approaches. Care should be taken to minimize the risks of spinal electrode implantation: infection, neurologic injury, device migration, and device malfunction. Technological innovation and applications continue to improve rapidly, affording more options for treatment.