Isomerism

In patients with incomplete lateralization of thoracic and visceral organs, the atrial appendages are also not lateralized. Thus, in the vast majority of these patients both atrial appendages present with similar internal and external morphology, characteristic of either the right or the left atrial appendage. Atrial isomerism is the designation for hearts with bilaterally right atrial appendages (Fig. 3.27.1) or bilaterally left atrial appendages. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.