Methods for the general formation of C(sp3)C(sp3) bonds by cross-coupling reactions in the presence of functional groups (see Equation (1)) are important but uncommon synthetic organometallic tools. Recent developments in the metal-catalyzed reactions of mild alkyl nucleophiles and alkyl electrophiles have yielded new methodologies for the formation of this type of CC bond. M=Ni, Pd. m=Li, Mg, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Si.