Xyloketal B Attenuates Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation via the SREBP-1c Pathway in NAFLD Models

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of xyloketal B on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects in both in vivo and in vitro models. We discovered an association between xyloketal B and the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) signaling pathway, which is related to lipid metabolism. Mice were dosed with xyloketal B (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/d) and atorvastatin (15 mg/kg/d) via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 40 days after being fed a high fat diet plus 10% high fructose liquid (HFD+HFL) for 8 weeks. Xyloketal B significantly improved HFD+HFL-induced hepatic histological lesions and attenuated lipid and glucose accumulation in the blood as well as lipid accumulation in the liver. Xyloketal B increased the expression of CPT1A, and decreased the expression of SREBP-1c and its downstream targeting enzymes such as ACC1, ACL, and FAS. Xyloketal B also significantly reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells treated with free fatty acids (FFAs). These data suggested that xyloketal B has lipid-lowering effects via the SREBP-1c pathway that regulate lipid metabolism. Thus, targeting SREBP-1c activation with xyloketal B may be a promising novel approach for NAFLD treatment.