In situ surface derivation of an Fe–Co–Bi layer on an Fe-doped Co3O4 nanoarray for efficient water oxidation electrocatalysis under near-neutral conditions

A core–shell Fe–Co₃O₄@Fe–Co–Bi nanoarray (Fe–Co₃O₄@Fe–Co–Bi/CC) acts as a superior catalyst electrode for water oxidation, with the need of an overpotential of 420 mV to drive 10 mA cm⁻² in 0.1 M K-Bi.