Endothelial progenitor cells are precursors of vascular endothelial cells,which are also called angioblasts.These cells are involved in embryonic angiogenesis and in postnatal angiogenesis.Application of endothelial progenitor cells for cell transplantation has been a focus for the treatment of ischemic vascular disease.This article provides an overview of research using endothelial progenitor cells while focusing on the safety and efficacy of stem cell transplantation.