Factors That Impact the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Survivors face complex emotional and psychological challenges, underscoring the need for support that addresses both physical recovery and psychological well-being. As advances in treatment lead to increased survival rates, quality of life (QOL) has emerged as a critical factor in care. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the QOL of breast cancer patients in South Korea. Specifically, it examined the influence of uncertainty, anxiety, body image, and social support on QOL, with the goal of providing actionable insights for nursing interventions. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was utilized, involving 150 breast cancer patients in a hospital in Gyeonggi Province. Participants completed validated questionnaires measuring uncertainty, anxiety, body image, social support, and QOL. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between these variables. RESULTS: A total of 126 responses were included in the final analysis. The mean age of participants was 52.76 years, and the average QOL score was 87.76 out of 148. Significant negative correlations were found between QOL and uncertainty (r = -0.610), anxiety (r = -0.777), and body image (r = -0.588), while a positive correlation existed between QOL and social support (r = 0.597). SEM analysis revealed that uncertainty and anxiety were significant predictors of QOL, explaining 82% of the variance. Social support indirectly affected QOL through its impact on anxiety. Employment status and a family history of breast cancer also significantly influenced QOL. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the critical role of psychological factors, particularly anxiety and uncertainty, in determining the QOL of breast cancer patients. Interventions aimed at reducing anxiety and uncertainty, enhancing body image, and providing robust social support are essential for improving QOL. Tailored nursing strategies and comprehensive support programs are recommended to effectively address these factors.