Cyclodextrin-Based Delivery Systems for Flavonoids: Mechanisms, Advances, Formulation, and Application Opportunities

Flavonoids play an important role in preventive and therapeutic research due to their significant antioxidant properties. However, their application is limited by several pharmacokinetic drawbacks, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Cyclodextrin-based delivery systems offer an opportunity to overcome these disadvantages. Cyclodextrins are able to form stable, water-soluble inclusion complexes with flavonoids, thereby improving their solubility, chemical stability, and antioxidant activity. This review summarizes the structural characteristics and complexation mechanisms of various flavonoid-cyclodextrin complexes and examines how these interactions influence biological activity. Special attention is given to nanotechnological formulations-such as liposomes, nanofibers, and nanosponges-that enable targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cyclodextrin-based carriers in the formulation of flavonoids and to highlight the future potential of these systems in modern therapeutics and functional product development.