Optimizing the Laser Scribing Process to Achieve a Certified Efficiency of 25.9% for Over 240 cm2Four-terminal Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells

Due to the relatively independent fabrication of the semi-transparent top perovskite solar cells and the bottom HJT cells, the mechanically stacked 4-terminal perovskite/HJT tandem solar cells have been of great feasibility for the future industrialization. Optimized laser scribing technique is applied to achieve a series topology consisting of sub-cells in the large-scale top perovskite solar cells especially, which is the key to optimize the optical absorption for the bottom HJT cells and the carrier collection for the top perovskite cells. As a result, a semi-transparent perovskite mini-module with area over 240 cm² based on structure of FTO/NiOx/SAMs/CsFAMAPb(I,Br)3/ C60/SnO2/ITO and band gap of ~1.65 eV achieved a high power conversion efficiency over 16% with a fill factor of 78%. The encapsulated 4T tandem mini-module were certified by JET with a PCE up to 25.9%.