The Efficacy and Underlying Pathway Mechanisms of ShiDuGao Treatment for Anus Eczema Based on GEO Datasets and Network Pharmacology

Anus eczema is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease affecting the area around the anus. While the lesions primarily occur in the anal and perianal skin, they can also extend to the perineum or genitalia. ShiDuGao (SDG) has been found to possess significant reparative properties against anal pruritus, exudation control, moisture reduction, and skin repair. However, the genetic targets and pharmacological mechanisms of SDG on anal eczema have yet to be comprehensively elucidated and discussed. Consequently, this study employed a network pharmacological approach and utilized gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets to investigate gene targets. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was established, resulting in the identification of 149 targets, of which 59 were deemed hub genes, within the "drug-target-disease" interaction network. The gene function of SDG in the treatment of perianal eczema was assessed through the utilization of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Subsequently, the anti-perianal eczema function and potential pathway of SDG, as identified in network pharmacological analysis, were validated using molecular docking methodology. The biological processes associated with SDG-targeted genes and proteins in the treatment of anus eczema primarily encompass cytokine-mediated responses, inflammatory responses, and responses to lipopolysaccharide, among others. The results of the pathway enrichment and functional annotation analyses suggest that SDG plays a crucial role in preventing and managing anal eczema by regulating the Shigellosis and herpes simplex virus 1 infection pathways. Network pharmacology and GEO database analysis confirms the multi-target nature of SDG in treating anal eczema, specifically by modulating TNF, MAPK14, and CASP3, which are crucial hub targets in the TNF and MAPK signaling pathways. These findings provide a clear direction for further investigation into SDG's therapeutic mechanism for anal eczema while highlighting its potential as an effective treatment approach for this debilitating condition.