Association between Higher Expression of Vav1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Unfavourable Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis

Objective: The aim was to investigate the potential relationship between Vav1 protein and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Samples were collected from 96 patients with HCC. For each patient, cancerous tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissue were obtained. The Vav1 expression levels in these tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse the associations between Vav1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Kaplan– Meier analysis was used to assess the relationship between Vav1 expression and 5-year overall survival (OS). Results: The expression level of Vav1 protein in primary tumour samples (64.46%; 59/96) was higher (33.33%; 32/96; P<0.001). Moreover, the high expression rate of Vav1 was correlated with tumour differentiation, TNM stage, and tumour recurrence (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis further demonstrated that tumour differentiation, TNM stage, vascular invasion, tumour recurrence and Vav1 expression were independent prognostic factors for 5-year OS. Notably, follow-up analysis determined that patients with HCC with higher Vav1 expression levels have lower survival rates (P<0.05). Conclusion: Vav1 may serve as a promising molecular prognostic biomarker for patients diagnosed with HCC.