Innovations and trends in field artillery weapon systems

The aim of this article is to analyse innovations and trends in the evolution of Field Artillery weapon systems. Based on a sample of 118 weapon systems used or under development between 1941 and 2026 by various countries around the world. In terms of the gun barrel, the analysis highlights the evolution of the calibre over time, revealing a clear preference for medium calibre systems, especially the 155 mm calibre, which is widely standardised among NATO countries, which implications for interoperability and operational effectiveness. Tube length, which has a direct influence on increasing range and accuracy, shows the demand for longer tubes (50–60 calibres) to meet the contemporary needs of Field Artillery to achieve ever greater ranges. Rate of fire is addressed, considering the relationship between range, precision and destructive power. Mobility becomes a crucial point, with a noticeable shift towards self-propelled wheeled systems, offering greater speed and manoeuvrability. The analysis also covers traction systems, autonomy and organic ammunition supply, emphasising the lack of a clear trend in these aspects. Regarding protection and armour, there is a concern for the safety of servicemen, driving the transition from towed to self-propelled systems, with an emphasis on protecting the garrison with armoured cabins. The conclusions highlight technological evolution, the standardisation of the 155 mm calibre, the continuous search for a greater range in Field Artillery and the paradigmatic shift towards mobility and garrison protection. The study identifies essential requirements for the development and acquisition of weapon systems, considering contemporary operational needs.