Rotavirus-Inspired Nanointerface Engineered Biosensors for All-in-One Cancer Diagnosis

Ultrasensitive and population-scale cancer screening technologies are critical to reducing cancer mortality. However, the current qRT-PCR falls short in high-throughput screening of multiple cancers. Here, a rotavirus-inspired multicancer diagnosis system (RMDS) is developed via nanointerface engineering. RMDS employs Y-shaped DNA (YDNA) probes to encircle the graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for nanointerface modification. The biotransduction mechanisms at the nanointerface are systematically investigated. RMDS greatly enhances the transduction efficiency of biological analytes by optimizing the probe density and configuration. RMDS realizes ultrasensitive detection of the lung cancer KARS G12D mutation with a limit of detection (LoD) of 5.7 aM and the breast cancer-related AKT2 gene (LoD: 3.0 aM). The multiple chambers enable simultaneous diagnosis of multiple cancers and determination of cancer progression. Clinical validation shows RMDS can be a practical solution, which could complement or replace qRT-PCR and become the next-generation all-in-one tool for large-scale population cancer screening.