Butyrate prevents the migration and invasion, and aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer via inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin/c‐Myc signaling

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) remains a common cause of cancer death worldwide. Evidence has found that butyrate exhibited antitumor effects on GC cells. However, the mechanism by which butyrate regulate GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis remains largely unknown. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells were tested by EdU staining, transwell assays. Additionally, protein expressions were determined by western blot assay. Next, glucose uptake, lactate production, and cellular ATP levels in GC cells were detected. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of butyrate in tumor‐bearing nude mice were evaluated. We found, butyrate significantly prevented GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ( p < .01). Additionally, butyrate markedly inhibited GC cell aerobic glycolysis, as shown by the reduced expressions of GLUT1, HK2, and LDHA ( p < .01). Moreover, butyrate notably decreased nuclear β‐catenin and c‐Myc levels in GC cells ( p < .01). Remarkably, through activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling with LiCl, the inhibitory effects of butyrate on the growth and aerobic glycolysis of GC cells were diminished ( p < .01). Moreover, butyrate notably suppressed tumor volume and weight in GC cell xenograft nude mice in vivo ( p < .01). Meanwhile, butyrate obviously reduced nuclear β‐catenin, c‐Myc, GLUT1, HK2 and LDHA levels in tumor tissues in GC cell xenograft mice ( p < .01). Collectively, butyrate could suppress the growth and aerobic glycolysis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo via downregulating wnt/β‐catenin/c‐Myc signaling. These findings are likely to prove useful in better understanding the role of butyrate in GC.