BIODEGRADATION OF HEAVY METALS BY MICROORGANISMS

Heavy metal pollution of soil and water, which may lead to cancer and impede plant development, has significantly increased in recent years. Examples of such heavy metals include arsenic, mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, etc. Bioremediation of heavy metals depends on microbes. Through genetic engineering, it is possible to produce microbes that have been genetically altered to potentially reduce numerous types of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Methanogens, Aspergillus niger, are some microbial species that help in bioremediation of heavy metals, which is quite effective and promotes sustainable development. In addition to these, microbes aid in bioaugmentation, and some can raise soil fertility. Through a process called bioremediation, harmful polymers are converted into less harmful ones by microorganisms using them as a source of energy. Because of the Earth's fast degradation, an emergency scenario exists. One of these problems is contamination from heavy metals. The success of their strategy also depends on its effectiveness as a tool for the cleanup of polluted soils. The process of using microbiological methods to convert complicated polymers into less dangerous structures is known as biodegradation, and it is used by them as a source of energy. Bioremediation technology is still in its infancy and has to draw a distinction between what it claims to do and what really occurs. As a consequence of the aging processes, dead biomass can equally be obtained from contemporary sources.