Synergistic interfacial polymerization between hydramine/diamine and trimesoyl chloride: A novel reaction for NF membrane preparation

Polyester-amide (PEA) thin film composite (TFC) NF membranes have rapidly evolved towards a competitive performance, benefiting from their remarkable antifouling capability and superior chlorine resistance. In this report, a new concept of synergistic interfacial polymerization is explored, which promptly triggers the reaction between hydramines and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in the presence of a trace amount of diamines. This rapid-start mode enables the formation of defect-free PEA films without the requirement of catalysis. A comprehensive characterization of physicochemical properties using high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) reveals that the recombination and formation of a "hydramine-diamine" coupling unit plays a decisive role in activating the synergistic interfacial polymerization reaction with TMC molecules. Taking the pair of serinol and piperazine (PIP) as an example, the PEA-NF membrane fabricated with 0.1 w/v% serinol mixed with 0.04 w/v% PIP as water-soluble monomer and 0.1 w/v% TMC as oil phase monomer was found to have a pure water permeability (PWP) of 18.5 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 and a MgSO4 rejection of 95.5%, which surpasses almost all the reported PEA NF membranes. Findings of the current research provide more possibilities for the low-cost and rapid synthesis of high-performance PEA membranes aiming for water purification.