Heavy metal and trace element alterations in patients during a migraine attack

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine the heavy metal and trace element (HMTE) profile in patients with migraine (PwM) and to compare it to that of healthy individuals without migraine. Background Migraine is a universal disease that affects more than 10% of the world's population; however, its pathophysiology is still obscure. Methods A total of 100 participants were included in this prospective matched case–control study (50 PwM during acute attack and 50 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls). The study was conducted in the university hospital in Yozgat, Turkey, where the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was used to measure the HMTE profile. The calibration curve was created with 11 points for heavy metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], and tin [Sn]) and trace elements (antimony [Sb], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], molybdenum [Mo], and zinc [Zn]). Results The median age was 27 (23–37) years, and the female/male ratio was 37/13 for both groups. The PwM group had significantly higher As, Co, Pb, and Ni levels among the heavy metals ( p = 0.033, 0.017, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively). Also, PwM had significantly lower Cr, Mg, and Zn levels among the trace elements ( p = 0.007, 0.024, and < 0.001, respectively). The only trace element that was elevated in the PwM group was Mn ( p = 0.001). The PwM and control groups did not differ in terms of Cd, Sn, Sb, Cu, Fe, and Mo ( p = 0.165, 0.997, 0.195, 0.408, 0.440, and 0.252, respectively). Conclusion Some HMTE parameters are altered in PwM, which may provide additional insight into understanding migraine etiology.