Recent advances in rational design of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics for energy storage

Polymer nanocomposites dielectrics have attracted increasing attention for electric energy storage applications in recent years due to their enhanced dielectric performance by combining the high permittivity of nanoparticles and the high electrical breakdown strength of polymer matrix. Herein we present a review of the recent advances in the modelling of dielectric energy storage and model-based rational design of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. The synthesis strategies and dielectric property behaviors of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics are also discussed. In particular, this review focuses on key strategies and analytical models for substantial improvements in energy density of composite dielectrics including interfacial design, microstructural engineering and new high-dielectric filler materials. By applying machine learning techniques in conjunction with the analytical models, new designs have emerged. To demonstrate the practical applications of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics, a summary is presented of some recent examples of scale-up production of energy storage devices in electrical vehicles, pulsed weapons systems and power electronics. Finally, challenges and new application opportunities of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics are discussed.