Basic Principles of Forward Osmosis and its Engineering Application

The basic principles of forward osmosis(FO)and its application in seawater desalination and green energy were introduced.By analyzed the flux models of FO and pressure-retarded osmosis(PRO),the main factors of flux decline were external concentration polarization(ECP) and internal concentration polarization(ICP).Some thoughts were provided to decrease ECP and ICP.The review provided references for engineering application of FO.